Simplifying Kubernetes Multitenancy with Capsule and Google Kubernetes Engine

Implementing a multi-tenancy strategy with Capsule and Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)

When deploying containerized applications with Kubernetes, one of the most common questions is whether to favor a multi-cluster or multi-tenancy strategy. In reality, the answer to this question depends on the needs and goals of each organization.

In this article, we will explore implementing a multi-tenancy strategy with Capsule and Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). Capsule is an open-source multi-tenancy management solution for Kubernetes that allows you to create and manage namespaces and quotas for multiple clients or users on a shared Kubernetes cluster. GKE is a Kubernetes Services Platform from Google Cloud that provides a fully managed and scalable Kubernetes infrastructure for container management.

Using Capsule with GKE, we’ll show how you can provide greater autonomy to different teams within a single cluster while ensuring strong security consistency and strong isolation between tenants if needed. We’ll cover the steps required to implement the solution and provide tips for effective resource management and network policies in a multi-tenant environment.

Capsule is a multi-tenant management solution for Kubernetes that uses Kubernetes annotations to manage namespaces, network policies and resource quotas for each tenant. Annotations are used to label Kubernetes objects for each tenant, making it easy to manage multiple tenants on a shared cluster.

Capsule allows multiple product teams to share a Kubernetes cluster while ensuring efficient tenant and resource isolation. It provides efficient resource management by setting quotas for each tenant. Capsule is a mature and widely used open-source solution for multi-tenant management in Kubernetes.

Below is a simple architecture demonstrating multi-team management in a GKE cluster with Capsule.

Create the following groups:

Add as a member the group team2 to the group capsule-group.

The group referenced in option contains the groups or users having access to Capsule, the group has only a simple role with permissions:

Create the manifest tenant.yaml

Apply the tenant.yaml file.

We can quickly check with the following command that the tenant is active but contains no namespace for the moment.

It is now time to test with the user owner of this tenant.

Let’s do a test and create our namespace:

From our admin user, we can now see that the tenant contains 1 namespace:

As a platform admin, I want all namespaces to be prefixed with the name of the tenant, nothing could be easier.

With your user admin update the following configuration:

Change the settings: forceTenantPrefix to true

Let’s go back and do a little test now with our other user.

To go a step further you can also implement network policies at the level of each Tenant capsule to only allow traffic inside and to cut off inter-tenant communication very easily.

The Capsule controller will replicate this configuration in all the namespaces of the tenant.

Here is an example:

In summary, Capsule can improve the operation of your Kubernetes cluster by simplifying the management of multiple teams and ensuring efficient use of resources while providing increased autonomy to individual teams within a single cluster and strong isolation between tenants if needed.

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